Effects of melatonin on the circadian functions of sleep-wake cycle, metabolism, hormonal regulation and immune activity: A recent review
Circadian rhythms and melatonin: Recent review
Keywords:
Melatonin, circadian genetics, metabolism, immunity, hormone, sleep-wake cycle
Abstract
Rhythms following a period of approximately 24 hours are called circadian (from Latin circa diem, approximately one day) rhythms. These rhythms are observed in the activities of various vital body functions. Melatonin is considered as an important molecule participating in the formation of circadian rhythms of virtually all organisms. As a molecular regulator of the circadian clock, melatonin has various regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Sleep-wake cycle depends on CSF melatonin levels, and melatonin also has a protective effect on the disrupted sleep-wake cycle in various pathological conditions. Melatonin ensures the proper function of vital metabolic pathways; therefore, it improves metabolism-related systems and protects them from damage. A bidirectional relationship between hormonal activity and melatonin ensures it having a healing effect on various reproductive disorders. Finally, melatonin can target inflammation pathways and various elements of immune system by changing their behavior and structure. In summary, melatonin has important effects on vital body functions mediated by its receptors, signaling pathways and clock genes, and has the capacity to protect and improve these functions under pathological conditions.
References
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16. Yoshitane H, et al. (2019) Functional D-box sequences reset the circadian clock and drive mRNA rhythms. Commun. Biol. 2: 300-300.
17. Ono D, Yamanaka A (2017) Hypothalamic regulation of the sleep/wake cycle. Neurosci. Res. 118: 74-81.
18. Waterhouse J, Fukuda Y, Morita T (2012) Daily rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle. J. Physiol. Anthropol. 31: 5-5.
19. Okechukwu CE (2022) The neurophysiologic basis of the human sleep–wake cycle and the physiopathology of the circadian clock: a narrative review. Egypt. J. Neurol. Psychiatry Neurosurg. 58: 34.
20. Poisson A, et al. (2019) Smith-magenis syndrome: Molecular basis of a genetic-driven melatonin circadian secretion disorder. Int. J. Mo.l Sci. 20: 3533.
21. Brown RE, Basheer R, McKenna JT, Strecker RE, McCarley RW (2012) Control of sleep and wakefulness. Physiol. Rev. 92: 1087-1187.
22. Moon E, Partonen T, Beaulieu S, Linnaranta O (2022) Melatonergic agents influence the sleep-wake and circadian rhythms in healthy and psychiatric participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neuropsychopharmacology 47: 1523-1536.
23. Xia T, et al. (2016) Melatonin pretreatment prevents isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulating sleep–wake rhythm in mice. Brain Res.1634: 12-20.
24. Yin X-L, et al. (2022) Melatonin pretreatment prevents propofol-induced sleep disturbance by modulating circadian rhythm in rats. Exp. Neurol. 354: 114086.
25. Koch BCP, et al. (2009) Effects of nocturnal hemodialysis on melatonin rhythm and sleep-wake behavior: An uncontrolled trial. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 53: 658-664.
26. Koch BCP, Nagtegaal JE, Hagen EC, Wee PMT, Kerkhof GA (2010) Different melatonin rhythms and sleep–wake rhythms in patients on peritoneal dialysis, daytime hemodialysis and nocturnal hemodialysis. Sleep Med. 11: 242-246.
27. Ba-Ali S, et al.(2019) Assessment of diurnal melatonin, cortisol, activity, and sleep−wake cycle in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Sleep Med. 54: 35-42.
28. Li W, et al. (2019) Disruption of sleep, sleep-wake activity rhythm, and nocturnal melatonin production in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy: prospective cohort study. Sleep Med. 55: 14-21.
29. Tanner N, et al. (2022) Effectiveness of melatonin treatment for sleep disturbance in orthopaedic trauma patients: A prospective, randomized control trial. Injury 53: 3945-3949.
30. Santoro SD, Giacheti CM, Rossi NF, Campos LMG, Pinato L (2016) Correlations between behavior, memory, sleep-wake and melatonin in Williams-Beuren syndrome. Physiol. Behav. 159: 14-19.
31. De Leersnyder H (2006) Inverted rhythm of melatonin secretion in Smith–Magenis syndrome: from symptoms to treatment. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 17: 291-298.
32. Williams SR, Zies D, Mullegama SV, Grotewiel MS, Elsea SH (2012) Smith-Magenis syndrome results in disruption of CLOCK gene transcription and reveals an integral role for RAI1 in the maintenance of circadian rhythmicity. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 90: 941-949.
33. Potocki L, et al. (2000) Circadian rhythm abnormalities of melatonin in Smith-Magenis syndrome. J. Med. Genet. 37: 428-433.
34. Polymeropoulos CM, et al. (2021) Tasimelteon safely and effectively improves sleep in Smith-Magenis syndrome: a double-blind randomized trial followed by an open-label extension. Genet. Med. 23: 2426-2432.
35. Cullell N, et al. (2021) Sleep/wake cycle alterations as a cause of neurodegenerative diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Neurobiol. Aging 106: 320.e321-320.e312.
36. Bolitho SJ, et al. (2014) Disturbances in melatonin secretion and circadian sleep–wake regulation in Parkinson disease. Sleep Med. 15: 342-347.
37. Mayeuf-Louchart A, Zecchin M, Staels B, Duez H (2017) Circadian control of metabolism and pathological consequences of clock perturbations. Biochimie 143: 42-50.
38. Reinke H, Asher G, (2016) Circadian clock control of liver metabolic functions. Gastroenterology 150: 574-580.
39. Ding G, et al. (2021) REV-ERB in GABAergic neurons controls diurnal hepatic insulin sensitivity. Nature 592: 763-767.
40. Marcheva B, et al. (2010) Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes. Nature 466: 627-631.
41. Pan X, Mota S, Zhang B, (2020) Circadian clock regulation on lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1276: 53-66.
42. Segers A, Depoortere I, (2021) Circadian clocks in the digestive system. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18: 239-251.
43. Ramsey KM, et al. (2009) Circadian clock feedback cycle through NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis. Science 324: 651-654.
44. Chang H-C, Guarente L (2014) SIRT1 and other sirtuins in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 25: 138-145.
45. Asher G, et al. (2008) SIRT1 Regulates circadian clock gene expression through PER2 deacetylation. Cell 134: 317-328.
46. Liu L, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y (2019) Effect of melatonin on monochromatic light-induced changes in clock gene circadian expression in the chick liver. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 197: 111537.
47. Powell EE, Wong VW-S, Rinella M (2021) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lancet 397: 2212-2224.
48. Joshi A, Upadhyay KK, Vohra A, Shirsath K, Devkar R, (2021) Melatonin induces Nrf2‐HO‐1 reprogramming and corrections in hepatic core clock oscillations in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. FASEB J. 35: e21803.
49. Stacchiotti A, et al. (2019) Melatonin effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are related to microRNA-34a-5p/sirt1 axis and autophagy. Cells 8: 1053.
50. Chen J, et al. (2019) Protective effects of melatonin on sepsis-induced liver injury and dysregulation of gluconeogenesis in rats through activating SIRT1/STAT3 pathway. Biomed. Pharmacother. 117: 109150.
51. Xu S, et al. (2021) Melatonin attenuates sepsis-induced small-intestine injury by upregulating SIRT3-mediated oxidative-stress inhibition, mitochondrial protection, and autophagy induction. Front. Immunol. 12: 625627-625627.
52. Liu X-W, Wang C-D (2019) Melatonin alleviates circadian rhythm disruption exacerbating DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting the distribution of HMGB1 in intestinal tissues. Int. Immunopharmacol. 73: 108-117.
53. Kim SW, Kim S, Son M, Cheon JH, Park YS (2020) Melatonin controls microbiota in colitis by goblet cell differentiation and antimicrobial peptide production through Toll-like receptor 4 signalling. Sci. Rep. 10: 2232-2232.
54. Hong F, et al. (2020) Melatonin orchestrates lipid homeostasis through the hepatointestinal circadian clock and microbiota during constant light exposure. Cells 9: 489.
55. Xu L, et al. (2022) Suppression of obesity by melatonin through increasing energy expenditure and accelerating lipolysis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr. Diabetes 12: 42.
56. Fernández Vázquez G, Reiter RJ, Agil A (2018) Melatonin increases brown adipose tissue mass and function in Zücker diabetic fatty rats: implications for obesity control. J. Pineal Res. 64: e12472.
57. Jiménez-Aranda A, et al. (2013) Melatonin induces browning of inguinal white adipose tissue in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J. Pineal Res. 55: 416-423.
58. Stárka L, Dušková M (2020) What is a hormone? Physiol. Res. 69: S183-S185.
59. Głombik K, Detka J, Budziszewska B (2021) Hormonal regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the brain in health and disease. Cells 10: 2937.
60. Gnocchi D, Bruscalupi G (2017) Circadian rhythms and hormonal homeostasis: pathophysiological implications. Biology (Basel) 6: 10.
61. Kim TW, Jeong J-H, Hong S-C (2015) The impact of sleep and circadian disturbance on hormones and metabolism. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2015: 591729-591729.
62. Serin Y, Acar Tek N (2019) Effect of circadian rhythm on metabolic processes and the regulation of energy balance. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 74: 322-330.
63. Gamble KL, Berry R, Frank SJ, Young ME (2014) Circadian clock control of endocrine factors. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 10: 466-475.
64. Jia S, Guo X, Chen Z, Li S, Liu X-A (2022) The roles of the circadian hormone melatonin in drug addiction. Pharmacol. Res. 183: 106371.
65. Boumans IJMM, de Boer IJM, Hofstede GJ, la Fleur SE., Bokkers EAM (2017) The importance of hormonal circadian rhythms in daily feeding patterns: An illustration with simulated pigs. Horm. Behav. 93: 82-93.
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Published
2023-08-31
How to Cite
[1]
Sarisozen, B., Aslan, F. and Akyuz, E. 2023. Effects of melatonin on the circadian functions of sleep-wake cycle, metabolism, hormonal regulation and immune activity: A recent review. Melatonin Research. 6, 3 (Aug. 2023), 256-276. DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32794/mr112500154.
Section
Reviews
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