Adrenaline induced disruption of endogenous melatoninergic system, antioxidant and inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tissues of male Wistar rat: an in vitro study
Adrenaline disrupts melatonergic and antioxidant system
Keywords:
adrenaline, gastrointestinal tract, oxidative stress, melatonin, AANAT, MT1, antioxidant, inflammation
Abstract
The current study aimed to demonstrate the potentially adverse effects of adrenaline, an endogenous stressor, on the melatonergic system, oxidative status, antioxidative responses and inflammatory markers in different parts of gastrointestinal tract of Wistar rat. These included stomach, duodenum and colon and they were incubated with different concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 µg/mL) of adrenaline for 1h, respectively. The levels of melatonin, gene expressions of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) as well as other stress-induced parameters including NF-kB expression, levels of cAMP, calcium, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content, reduced glutathione, nitrate, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL6 and IL10 were systemically measured in these tissues. An adrenaline dose-dependent decrease in level of melatonin, AANAT, MT1 and NF-kB in these tissues were observed. In contrast, the profound increases in the levels of cAMP, calcium and all oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines (except IL10), and activities of antioxidant enzymes (except superoxide dismutase) were observed after adrenaline treatment. A maximum effect was found in tissues treated with 5 µg/mL of adrenaline. The Correlation studies between melatonin level and other parameters (any two at a time) indicated a potentially physiological interplay between adrenaline stress and melatonin tissue levels. Collectively, the results provided the novel data on the adverse effects of adrenaline on the endogenous melatonergic system, antioxidant and inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tissues of rats.
References
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18. Pal P-K, Hasan K-N, Maitra S-K (2016) Gut melatonin response to microbial infection in carp Catlacatla. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 42: 579–592. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0161-7.
19. Pal P-K, Maitra S-K (2018) Response of gastrointestinal melatonin, antioxidants, and digestive enzymes to altered feeding conditions in carp (Catlacatla). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 44: 1061–1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-018-0494-0.
20. Rodriguez C, Mayo J-C, Sainz R-M, Antolin I, Herrera F, Martin V, Reiter R-J (2004) Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. J. Pineal Res. 36: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.
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22. Trivedi P-P, Jena G-B (2013) Melatonin reduces ulcerative colitis- associated local and systemic damage in mice: investigation on possible mechanisms. Dig. Dis. Sci. 58: 3460–3474.doi: 10.1007/s10620-013-2831-6.
23. Kvetnoy I-M, Ingel I-E, Kvetnaia T-V, Malinovskaya N-K (2002) Gas¬trointestinal melatonin: cellular identification and biological role. Neuro Endocrinol Lett23, 121–132.
24. Chen C-Q, Fichna J, Bashashati M, Li Y-Y, Storr M (2011) Distribution, function and physiological role of melatonin in the lower gut. World J. Gastroenterol. 17: 3888–3898. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i34.3888.
25. Klein D (2007) ArylalkylamineN-acetyltransferase: “the Timezyme”. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 4233–4237. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.R600036200.
26. Chowdhury I, Maitra S-K (2012) Melatonin in the promotion of health. In: Watson RR, editor. Melatonin time line: from discovery to therapy. Boca Raton (FL): Taylor and Francis; Pp. 1–60.
27. Pal P-K, Maitra S-K (2017) Neuronal control of gut melatoninergic system in carp. BAOJ Neuro. 2: 024. https://bioaccent.org/neurology/neurology24.pdf.
28. Bandyopadhyay D, Ghosh G, Bandyopadhyay A, Reiter R-J (2004) Melatonin protects against piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration. J. Pineal Res. 36: 195–203. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2004.00118.x.
29. Laemmli U-K (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 27: 680–685.
30. Draper H-H, Hadley M (1990) Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol. 186: 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/00766879 (90)86135-I.
31. Levine R-L, Williams J-A, Stadtman E-R, Shacter E (1994) Carbonyl assays for determination of oxidatively modified. Meth. Enzymol. 233: 346–357. https://doi.org/ 10.1016 /S0076-6879(94)33040-9.
32. Green L-C, Wagner D-A, Glogowski J, Skipper P-L, Wishnok J-S, Tannenbaum S-R (1982) Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and (15N) nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem. 126: 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X.
33. Ewing J-F, Janero D-R (1995) Microplate superoxide dismutase assay employing a non-enzymatic superoxide generator. Anal Biochem. 232: 243–248. DOI: 10.1006/abio.1995. 0014.
34. Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 105: 121–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0076-6879(84)05016-3.
35. Aksoy Y, Balk M, Öğüs I-H, Özer N (2004) The mechanism of inhibition of human erythrocyte catalase by azide. Turk. J. Biol. 28: 65–70. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org /2e5f/7 4bdb8945b7b3ceb8569abdee451c9a12a79.pdf.
36. Castro R, Piazzon M-C, Noya M, Leiro J-M, Lamas J (2008) Isolation and molecular cloning of a fish myeloperoxidase. Mol Immunol45, 428–437. DOI: 10.1016/j. molimm.2007.05.028
37. Habig W-H, Pabst M-J, Jakoby W-B (1974) Glutathione S-transferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 7130–7139.
38. Pinto R-E, Bartley W (1969) The effect of age and sex on glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities and on aerobic glutathione oxidation in rat liver homogenates. Biochem. J. 115: 865.b1. DOI: 10.1042/bj1150865a.
39. Ellman G-L (1959) Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem. Biophys. 82: 70–77.
40. Lowry, O-H, Rosebrough N-J, Farr A-L, Randall R-J (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265–275.
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Published
2018-12-03
How to Cite
[1]
Pal, P., Bhattacharjee, B., Ghosh, A., Chattopadhyay, A. and Bandyopadhyay, D. 2018. Adrenaline induced disruption of endogenous melatoninergic system, antioxidant and inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tissues of male Wistar rat: an in vitro study. Melatonin Research. 1, 1 (Dec. 2018), 109-131. DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32794/mr11250007.
Section
Research Articles
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