Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in different tissues of rat: a mechanistic insight
Melatonin prevents against cadmium-induced tissue damage
Keywords:
cadmium, oxidative stress, tissue damage, heart, liver, kidney, melatonin, antioxidant
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a notorious environmental pollutant known for its wide range of toxicities to organisms. Thus, the present study is designed to examine whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant, protects against Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney of rats. Cd treatment at a dose of 0.44 mg/kg for 15 days caused severe damage in all these organs. These included significantly increased activities of SGPT, SGOT, lactate dehydrogenase- 1 and 5 and ALP and levels of total lactate, creatinine, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and reduced glutathione while the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase along with mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-keto glutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-cytochrome-c-oxidoreductase and cytochrome-c-oxidase were significantly reduced by Cd. However, if melatonin was given orally 30 min before Cd injection, all these alterations induced by Cd were significantly preserved by melatonin. Histological observations also demonstrated that Cd exposure caused cellular lesions, promoting necrotic or apoptotic changes. Notably, all these changes were significantly protected by melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin is a beneficial molecule to ameliorate Cd-induced oxidative damage in the heart, liver and kidney tissues of rats with its powerful antioxidant capacity, heavy metal chelating activity and competition of binding sites with Cd to the GSH and catalase.
References
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17. Tan DX, Zheng X, Kong J, Manchester LC, Hardeland R, Kim SJ, Xu X, Reiter RJ (2014) Fundamental issues related to the origin of melatonin and melatonin isomers during evolution: relation to their biological functions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15:15858-15890. doi: 10.3390/ijms150915858.
18. Tan DX, Manchester LC, Qin L, Reiter RJ (2016) Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17: 2124. doi: 10.3390/ijms17122124.
19. Reiter RJ, Mayo JC, Tan DX, Sainz RM, Alatorre JM, Qin L (2016) Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers. J. Pineal Res. 61: 253-278. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12360.
20. Hardeland R (2017) Melatonin and the electron transport chain. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 74: 3883-3896. doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2615-9.
21. Mitra E, Ghosh AK, Ghosh D, Mukherjee D, Chattopadhyay A, Dutta S, Pattari SK, Bandyopadhyay D (2012) Protective effect of aqueous Curry leaf (Murrayakoenigii) extract against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat heart. Food Chem. Toxicol. 50: 1340-53. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.048.
22. Mitra E, Ghosh AK, Ghosh D, Firdaus SB, Mukherjee D, Chattopadhyay A, Pattari SK, Datta S, Bandyopadhyay D (2014) Ameliorative effect of aqueous tulsi leaf (Ocimum sanctum) extract against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 5: 557-568.
23. Bhattacharjee B, Ghosh AK, Mishra S, Das J, Chattopadhyay A, Bandyopadhyay D (2016) Terminalia arjuna aqueous bark extract protects against cadmium acetate-induced injury to rat liver and heart through antioxidant mechanisms: a dose response study. J. Pharma. Res.10: 771-792.
24. Reitman S, Frankel S (1957) A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28: 56-63.
25. Strittmatter CF (1965) Studies on avian xanthine dehydrogenases: Properties and patterns of appearance during development. J. Biol. Chem. 240: 2557–2564.
26. Varcoe JS (2001) Clinical Biochemistry: Techniques and Instrumentation-A practical approach, first ed. World Scientific Publishing Company, pp. 40-43.
27. Folin O, WU H (1919) A system of blood analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 38: 81.
28. Kind PRN, King EJ (1954) Estimation of plasma phosphatase by determination of hydrolysed phenol with anti-pyrine. J. Clin. Pathol. 7: 322–326. doi:10.1136/jcp.7.4.322.
29. Sedlak J, Lindsay RH (1968) Estimation of total, protein-bound, nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman’s reagent. Anal. Biochem. 25: 192-205. doi:org/10.1016/ 0003-2697 (68)90092-4.
30. Bandyopadhyay D, Ghosh G, Bandyopadhyay A, Reiter RJ (2004) Melatonin protects against piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration. J. Pineal Res. 36: 195–203. doi:org/ 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2004.00118.x
31. Buege JA, Aust SG (1978) Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation. Methods Enzymol. 52: 302-310. doi: org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6.
32. Levine RL, Williams JA, Stadtman ER, Shacter E (1994) Carbonyl assays for determination of oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol. 233: 346-357. doi:org/10.1016/S0076-6879(94)33040-9
33. Marklund S, Marklund G (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyragallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47: 469-474. doi:org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x.
34. Beers Jr. RF, Sizer IW (1952) A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Biol. Chem. 195: 133-140.
35. Chattopadhyay A, Biswas S, Bandyopadhyay D, Sarkar C, Datta AG (2003) Effect of isoproterenol on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes of myocardial tissue of mice and protection by quinidine. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 245: 43-49. doi: 10.1023/A: 1022808224917.
36. Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 27: 680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0.
37. Paglia DE, Valentine WN (1967) Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 70: 158-169.
38. Krohne-Ehrich G, Schirmer RH, Untucht-Grau R (1977) Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. Isolation of the enzyme and sequence analysis of the redox-active peptide. Eur. J. Biochem. 80: 65-71. doi:org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11856.x
39. Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB (1974) Glutathione -S- transferases, the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249: 7130 -7139.
40. Chretien D, Pourrier M, Bourgeron T, Séné M, Rötig A, Munnich A, Rustin P (1995) An improved spectrophotometric assay of pyruvate dehydrogenase in lactate dehydrogenase contaminated mitochondrial preparations from human skeletal muscles. Clin. Chim. Acta 240: 129-136. doi:org/10.1016/0009-8981(95)06145-6.
41. Mukherjee D, Ghosh AK, Dutta M, Mitra E, Mallick S, Saha B, Reiter RJ, Bandyopadhyay D (2015) Mechanism of isoproterenol induced cardiac mitochondrial damages: protective action of melatonin. J. Pineal Res. 58: 275-290. doi: 10.1111/ jpi.12213
42. Duncan MJ, Fraenkel DG (1979) Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutant of Rhizobium meliloti. J. Bacteriol. 137: 415-419.
43. Veeger C, DerVartanian DV, Zeylemaker WP (1969) Succinate dehydrogenase. Methods Enzymol. 13:81-90. doi:org/10.1016/0076-6879 (69)13020-7.
44. Goyal N, Srivastava VM (1995) Oxidation and reduction of cytochrome c by mitochondrial enzymes of Setariacervi. J. Helminthol. 69: 13-17.
45. Greenlee L, Handler P (1964) Xanthine oxidase. IV. Influence of pH on substrate specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 239: 1090-1095.
46. Mukherjee D, Ghosh Roy S, Bandopadhyay A, Chattopadhyay A, Basu A, Mitra E, Ghosh AK, Reiter RJ, Bandhyopadhyay D (2010) Melatonin protects against isoproterenol induced myocardial injury in the rat: antioxidative mechanism. J. Pineal. Res. 48: 251-262. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00749.x.
47. Roy SG, De P, Mukherjee D, Chander V, Konar A, Bandyopadhyay D, Bandyopadhyay A (2009) Excess of glucocorticoid induces cardiac dysfunction via activating angiotensin II pathway. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 24: 1–10.
48. Watanabe I, Ogawa K, Yamada E (1988) Taste buds of rabbits foliate papillae. A scanning electron microscopy study. Cienc. Cult. 40: 787–790.
49. Bhattacharjee B, Pal PK, Ghosh AK, Mishra S, Chattopadhyay A, Bandyopadhyay D (2019) Aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna protects against cadmium-induced hepatic and cardiac injuries in male Wistar rats through antioxidative mechanisms. Food Chem. Toxicol. 124: 249-264. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.008.
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Published
2019-06-08
How to Cite
[1]
Mitra, E., Bhattacharjee, B., Pal, P., Ghosh, A., Mishra, S., Chattopadhyay, A. and Bandyopadhyay, D. 2019. Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in different tissues of rat: a mechanistic insight. Melatonin Research. 2, 2 (Jun. 2019), 1-21. DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32794/mr11250018.
Section
Research Articles
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