Protective mechanisms of melatonin on caprine spleen injury induced by cadmium (Cd): an in vitro study
Melatonin protects spleen tissue from cadmium toxicity
Keywords:
Cadmium, oxidative stress, spleen, melatonin, antioxidant
Abstract
Current study explores the potential mechanisms of melatonin on cadmium-induced spleen tissue injury of goat. Spleen tissues were incubated with different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 µM) of cadmium acetate (Cd), respectively and the lipid peroxidation of the tissue was measured. It was found that Cd at the level of 400 µM induced maximum spleen damage among other concentrations. Thus, Cd 400 µM was selected to examine whether melatonin treatment can protect against this damage. The results showed that Cd increased the oxidative stress in the spleen tissue either by elevating pro-oxidant enzymes, or, by suppressing the variety of antioxidant enzymes and thus, to increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin treatment at the concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM significantly reduced all these alterations, respectively. At the level of cellular organelles, Cd caused mitochondrial morphological and functional injuries. These include mitochondrial surface distortion and inhibitions of glycolytic, Krebs cycle, and respiratory chain enzymes. Melatonin at a concentration of 0.5 mM almost completely preserved Cd induced mitochondrial pathological alterations. Cd pollution is a cause of serious health hazard world wide, particularly in the developing areas and currently, there is no specific remedy for Cd toxicities. The results suggest that melatonin is a promising therapeutic agent to combat Cd-induced oxidative stress and it deserves further investigation clinically.
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14. Pivkin IV, Peng Z, Karniadakis GE, Buffet PA, Dao M, Suresh S (2016) Biomechanics of red blood cells in human spleen and consequences for physiology and disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113 (28): 7804–7809. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606751113.
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16. Demenesku J, Mirkov I, Ninkov M, Popov Aleksandrov A, Zolotarevski L, Kataranovski D, Kataranovski M (2014) Acute cadmium administration to rats exerts both immunosuppressive and proinflammatory effects in spleen. Toxicology 256: 33–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.10.012.
17. Bhattacharjee B, Pal PK, Ghosh AK, Mishra S, Chattopadhyay A, Bandyopadhyay D (2019) Aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna protects against cadmium-induced hepatic and cardiac injuries in male Wistar rats through antioxidative mechanisms. Food Chem. Toxicol. 124: 249–264. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.008.
18. Reina M, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Perez-Gonzalez A, Guzman-Lopez E, Tan D-X, Reiter R, Galano A (2018) A Computer-Assisted Systematic Search for Melatonin Derivatives with High Potential as Antioxidants. Melatonin Res. 1 (1): 27–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32794/mr11250003.
19. Maitra SK, Pal PK (2017) Melatonin rhythms in the pineal and non-pineal tissues and their physiological implications in subtropical fish. Biol. Rhythm Res. 48 (5): 757–776. DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1345453.
20. Galano A, Tan DX, Reiter RJ (2011) Melatonin as a natural ally against oxidative stress: A physicochemical examination. J. Pineal Res. 51 (1): 1–16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2011.00916.x.
21. Sanchez-Hidalgo M, de la Lastra CA, Carrascosa-Salmoral MP, Naranjo MC, Gomez-Corvera A, Caballero B, Guerrero JM (2009) Age-related changes in melatonin synthesis in rat extrapineal tissues. Exp. Gerontol. 44 (5): 328–334. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.02.002.
22. Pertsov SS (2006) Effect of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in rats during acute stress. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 141 (3): 292–295. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17073142.
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Published
2019-08-31
How to Cite
[1]
Majumder, R., Datta, M., Pal, P.K., Bhattacharjee, B., Chattopadhyay, A. and Bandyopadhyay, D. 2019. Protective mechanisms of melatonin on caprine spleen injury induced by cadmium (Cd): an in vitro study. Melatonin Research. 2, 3 (Aug. 2019), 57-75. DOI:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32794/11250031.
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Research Articles
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